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Lo más relevante en Comercio Internacional Transición 2020-2021 | The TRADING ROOM

15 Jan , 2021  

Publicaciones de Comercio Internacional 

En diciembre de 2020 se publicaron una serie de regulaciones relacionadas con el comercio. Enumeramos las que consideramos más relevantes:

  • México y CPTPP: La Secretaría de Economía realizó algunos cambios al procedimiento en cuanto a las licitaciones públicas para acceder a los cupos de importación previstos en el Apéndice A-1, Contingentes Arancelarios de México, el cual trata principalmente sobre productos lácteos.
  • Acuerdo de Continuidad Comercial Reino Unido – México: México y el Reino Unido llegaron a un acuerdo por el cual se mantienen las preferencias arancelarias. En esencia, el Tratado de Libre Comercio entre México y la Unión Europea seguirá aplicándose entre México y el Reino Unido según las modificaciones de dicho acuerdo. Ahora, destacamos que los materiales originarios de la Unión Europea serán considerados como materiales originarios del Reino Unido para los efectos de este acuerdo. El texto del acuerdo está disponible aquí
  • La nueva Ley de los Impuestos Generales de Importación y de Exportación: El nuevo sistema arancelario mexicano entró en vigor el 28 de diciembre de 2020, mediante el cual se establece un código arancelario de 10 dígitos, es decir, se adicionaron dos dígitos a la fracción arancelaria, los cuales se denominan “números de identificación comercial” (NICO). Con su entrada en vigor, el Gobierno Federal publicó regulaciones para su implementación y actualizó acuerdos relativos a regulaciones y restricciones no arancelarias, tales como:
  1. Cupos de importación y exportación;
  2. Regulaciones no arancelarias sobre pesticidas, fertilizantes y sustancias tóxicas;
  3. Mercancías sujetas a regulación por parte de la Secretaría de Cultura;
  4. Mercancías sujetas a regulación por parte de la Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural;
  5. Mercancías sujetas a regulación por parte de la Secretaría de Salud;
  6. Mercancías sujetas a regulación por parte de la Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales;
  7. Mercancías sujetas a regulación por parte de la Secretaría de Energía;
  8. Permiso previo la exportación de azúcar y se establece un cupo máximo para su exportación;
  9. Bienes de uso dual, software y tecnologías sujetos a regulación por parte de la Secretaría de Economía;
  10. Sanciones comerciales según las resoluciones del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas;
  11. Mercancías sujetas a regulación por parte de la Secretaría de Defensa.
  • Estímulos Fiscales en la Frontera Norte y Sur: Como informamos previamente, el Gobierno Federal renovó el Programa de la Zona Libre de la Frontera Norte y replicó dicho Programa en la frontera sur de México. Para mayor información, consulta nuestro boletín fiscal.
  • La Zona Libre de Chetumal: El Gobierno Federal creó una “Zona Libre” en Chetumal, Quintana Roo. El Decreto enumera las mercancías que no estarán sujetas a impuestos de importación y podrán gozar de una exención del derecho de trámite aduanero (vía un crédito fiscal). Las “Empresas de la Región” pueden acceder a estos beneficios siempre y cuando se registren ante la Secretaría de Economía. El Decreto tiene como objetivo “promover” el comercio de bienes a menores costos en esta región. Es incierto (y poco probable) que esta zona de libre comercio esté diseñada para ser una política de atracción de la inversión extranjera.

Para la lista completa de acuerdos y regulaciones, los invitamos a consultar nuestra página de internet

Denuncia Laboral T-MEC

¿Recuerda que el sindicato AFL-CIO anunció, en septiembre, que iba a presentar una denuncia laboral contra México dentro de 30 días? Pues, esta semana, Trumpka, el líder de AFLI-CIO, declaró que presentarán dicha queja para activar el mecanismo laboral de respuesta rápida en instalaciones específicas tan pronto como Biden asuma el cargo.

Aparentemente, se informa que la AFL-CIO percibió resistencia por parte del USTR de la administración Trump con respecto a la posible denuncia laboral. Si la denuncia se presenta, la nueva Secretaria de Economía, Tatiana Clouthier, y su equipo posiblemente se estarán enfrentando a un gran reto en “terrenos desconocidos”.

Organismos Autónomos y T-MEC

En días recientes, el presidente de México dio a conocer su intención de eliminar a ciertos organismos por políticas de “austeridad”. Estos organismos son la Comisión Federal de Competencia Económica (COFECE), el Instituto de Federal de Telecomunicaciones (IFT), el Instituto Nacional, Acceso a la Información y Protección de Datos Personales (INAI) y la Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos (CNDH). Actualmente esta propuesta se está discutiendo al interior del gabinete.

Como resultado de esta idea, colegas y expertos han expresado, en particular, que la eliminación del IFT pone a México en riesgo de no cumplir con las obligaciones del T-MEC. La Subsecretaría de Comercio Exterior, Luz María de la Mora, expresó en entrevista que el Gobierno Federal buscará adecuar cualquier propuesta de política pública a las obligaciones internacionales de México, incluyendo temas de competencia. 

En VTZ, consideramos que esta repentina propuesta de política pública, la cual requiere de reformas constitucionales, afectará a las instituciones democráticas y el Estado de Derecho en México.

E-Libro Implementación de T-MEC

La Secretaría de Economía y el Senado publicó un e-libro con el título “La Implementación del T-MEC: Una Prueba Para América del Norte”, que contiene capítulos en español e inglés. En caso de que sea tu interés, descárgalo aquí.

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